Extrapulmonary tuberculosis an overview sciencedirect. Ppt pulmonary tuberculosis powerpoint presentation. Epidemiological risk factors include birth in high tbprevalent countries, exposure at place of residencework in an institutional setting, and homelessness. In the us, it is most common among the elderly and immunocompromised, but in areas where tb is common among children, tb meningitis usually occurs between birth and 5 yr. Tb bacilli often infect the lymph nodes in the neck and above the clavicles the thin bone underneath the shoulders, which then swell and inflame the surrounding skin.
This book aims to remedy the current lack of coverage of extrapulmonary tb, and. There are two types of tuberculosis, that are pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Several conditions, including sarcoidosis, fungal infections, and other inflammatory conditions, can present the same cytology andor. Extrapulmonary 2 centers for disease control and prevention 1600 clifton rd. General signs and symptoms include fever, chills, night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss. What are the most common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis among somalis in minnesota 1. Extrapulmonary definition of extrapulmonary by medical. There are various types under each type of tuberculosis.
This illustrates the ample spectrum of extrapulmonary tuberculosis manifesta. The most likely reasons are an increased recognition of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and an increasing. The most common anatomic sites affected by extrapulmonary tb are. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis tb refers to the haematogenous spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis pathology. Mediastinal, retroperitoneal, and cervical scrofula lymph.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is more common than pulmonary tuberculosis in somalis in minnesota. Nov 07, 2019 in extrapulmonary tb, the lymphatic system is most frequently affected. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis tb infectious diseases. Extrapulmonary and disseminated forms of tb sometimes require more extended treatment. Extrapulmonary tb untuk coass free download as powerpoint presentation. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis eptb constitutes about 20% of all cases of. Among somali patients who have extrapulmonary tuberculosis, 50% have lymphatic disease, most are apr 02, 2015 extrapulmonary tuberculosis eptb constitutes about 20% of all cases of tuberculosis tb in korea. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of tuberculosis 10 diagnostic process the first step. Children 50% of patients with tb meningitis have abnormal cxr old or current tb process. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is tuberculosis tb within a location in the body other than the lungs. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis has become more common. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis germaine jacquette, md clinical assistant professor njms global tuberculosis institute may 4, 2012 tb cases by site of disease united states, 2000 2010 year total cases pulmonary extrapulmonary 2000 16, 309, 086 80% 3, 211 20% 2001 15, 945 12, 724 3, 217 2002 15, 055 11,901 3, 148 2003 14 83514, 835 11. Extrapulmonary tb eptb results from the hematogenous and lymphatic spread of rculosis bacilli.
Pdf on dec 10, 2018, onix j cantresfonseca and others published extra pulmonary tuberculosis. In extrapulmonary tb, adjunctive therapeutic measures may be indicated. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis radiology reference article. In those with hiv, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Meningitis often occurs in the absence of infection at other extrapulmonary sites. The next site that id like to talk about is the genitourinary site and im talking about this site next because after lymph node involvement comes the socalled gu, or genitourinary involvement. This comprehensive book brings awareness to a neglected condition that is nevertheless prevalent worldwide. Free interferon gamma levels are frequently elevated in pleural tb. This ecdc video documentary featuring two patient stories illustrates how difficult the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tb can be. Tuberculosis is the most common fatal infectious disease in the world. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis free download as powerpoint presentation. Tuberculosis tb is a major public health concern worldwide. This patient was diagnosed as having smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and received supervised.
Children sep 01, 2006 extrapulmonary tuberculosis is more common than pulmonary tuberculosis in somalis in minnesota. Tuberculosis refers to an infectious disease associated with the lungs, which is mostly caused by bacteria. Unexpected pulmonary involvement in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients. Extrapulmonary tb occurs when tuberculosis develops outside of the lungs, although extrapulmonary tb may coexist with pulmonary tb. The epidemiology of miliary tb has been altered by use of chemotherapy for treatment of malignancy, use of biologic agents, the hiv epidemic, and immigration patterns.
Mar 31, 2016 the most common forms of extrapulmonary tb are. Diagnosis may be delayed as a result of nonspecific clinical manifestations that progress slowly and the low sensitivity of acidfast bacilli afb smear on extrapulmonary specimens. Usa, the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis ranged from 15 to 37 percent of all new cases of active tuberculosisl,2,4. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on. Diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis ncbi. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. The most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is tuberculous lymphadenopathy 2, 17, 20, and its diagnosis remains a challenge since granulomatous lymphadenopathy has an extensive differential diagnosis. Ppt pulmonary tuberculosis powerpoint presentation free.
The treatment of tuberculosis in general, is standardized by various. The symptoms of extra pulmonary tuberculosis are more varied, but fever and weight loss are present in the majority of cases. The most common sites of extrapulmonary disease are as follows the pathology of these lesions is similar to that of pulmonary lesions. A multivariate analysis was carried out using logistic regression analysis.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis eptb constitutes about 20% of all cases of tuberculosis tb in korea. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is defined according to who classification criteria as an infection by rculosis which affects tissues and organs outside the pulmonary parenchyma. Diagnosing eptb remains challenging because clinical samples obtained from relatively inaccessible sites may be paucibacillary, thus decreasing the sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Guidelines on extrapulmonary tuberculosis for india article pdf available in the indian journal of medical research 1454. Extrapulmonary tb disease may cause symptoms related to the part of the body that is affected table 4. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis investigations bmj best practice. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis by smear, culture. Any lymph node in the body can become infected with tb.
Tb bacteria are aerosolized when a person who has pulmonary tb or tb affecting the larynx coughs, sneezes, laughs, or sings. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the infrequent generalized tuberculosis miliary with or without meningitis do not constitute sources of infection. Tuberculosis may infect any part of the body, but most commonly occurs in the lungs known as pulmonary tuberculosis. Mar 24, 20 one in five tb patients in eueea has extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Procedures for the expeditious and recommended handling of the specimen must be in place or assured before. Extrapulmonary tb occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. Tb disease can occur in almost any anatomical site. Although tb most commonly affects the lungs, it also can affect other sites, a form known as extrapulmonary tb. Discover a simple holistic system for curing uterine fibroids and pcos once and for all using 100% guaranteed allnatural method. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the infrequent generalized tuberculosis miliary with or without meningitis do not constitute sources of. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary and introduction paediatric. Extrapulmonary tb untuk coass tuberculosis epidemiology. This occurs in 1520% of active cases, causing other kinds of tb. Disseminated infection and central nervous system involvement are the most frequent manifestations in immunosuppressed patients.
Extrapulmonary tubercuosis can occur as a primary form of the disease, i. These are collectively denoted as extrapulmonary tuberculosis. There are several hypotheses to explain the continuing prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis tuberculosis medicine free. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Infectious disease clinical tb outside the lungseg, lymph nodes, pleura, brain, kidneys, or bones. Extrapulmonary involvement can be seen in more than 50 percent of patients with concurrent aids and tuberculosis. Tb but can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys or spine extrapulmonary tb. Extrapulmonary tb definition of extrapulmonary tb by. List at least 4 extrapulmonary manifestations of tb and potential approaches to confirm the diagnosis explain the importance to evaluate for concomitant pulmonary tb describe differences in treatment where applicable to patients with extrapulmonary tb compared to pulmonary tb sites of involvement. Procedures for the expeditious and recommended handling of the specimen must be in. For reporting purposes, cases with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease are classified as pulmonary tb by the united states centers for disease control and prevention cdc. About 10% of latent infections progress to active disease which, if left untreated, kills about half of those. Diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis still constitutes approximately 20% of new cases in the us and a greater proportion of cases overseas. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 17 tb meningitis if highly suspected, immediate empiric rx and serial lp daily x 3 repeated lumbar punctures should be considered to monitor changes in csf cell count, glucose, and protein, especially early in the course of therapy 50% of patients with tb meningitis have abnormal cxr old or current tb process. The presence of necrotic lymph nodes and other organspecific imaging features increases the diagnostic probability of extrapulmonary tb. Extrapulmonary 1 centers for disease control and prevention 1600 clifton rd. Extrapulmonary tb may represent a sequel of primary infection or reactivation disease. Thought to represent maybe 10 or 15% of cases of extrapulmonary tb, as opposed to lymph nodes, thats more like 35%. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms, signs, causes, risk. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis symptoms, diagnosis and.
Epidemiological risk factors include birth in high tb prevalent countries, exposure at place of residencework in an institutional setting, and homelessness. Human body diagrams how to derive an image derive directly from raster image with organs. Various sites affected by tuberculosis are central nervous system, lymphatics, pleura, bones and joints of spine and genitourinary system. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis tb is an infectious disease usually caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb bacteria. At any age, meningitis is the most serious form of tb and has high morbidity and mortality.
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